A
DRUG REVIEW OF KAPIKACCHU ( MucunaPruriens)
Dr.
Sanjay A. Dhurve, M.D. Ph.D, Assistant Professor, Department of
Kayachikitsa, BharatiVidyapeeth Deemed University College of Ayurved, Pune,
Maharashtra, India. Email-dr.sanjaydhurve@gmail.com,
M-09850044207
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ABSTRACT:-Kapikacchu
plant is one of important herbs in the ancient Ayurvedic literatures. This review highlighted importance of Kapikacchu ( MucunaPruriens) in various samhitas,Nighantusand various texts of modern texts. The reviewed summarized
history, classification, Rasa –Panchak,
Classical Ayurvedicformulation
containing Kapikacchu (Mucunapruriens),
tradition medicinal uses in various country, pharmacological activities and
clinical trials. The literature survey shoes that in various country Kapikacchu ( MucunaPruriens) are widely
used to treat the patients of various disorder since ancient times.
KEY
WORDS :-Kapikacchu,
MucunaPruriens,Kampavata,Vatashamaka
INTRODUCTION
:-Kapikacchu
(MucunaPruriens) is tropical legume also known as velvet
bean, cowitch and cowhage.it is a constituent of more than 200 indigenous
herbal formulations.it has been used since ancient times in Ayurvedicmedicines, most commonly as a
Parkinson’s Disease treatment and for overall neurological health.MucunaPruriens ,the primary compound is
known as Levodopa,or L-dopa,a precursor to dopamine,adrenaline and
nonadrenaline. Dopamine is often associated with pleasure, yet it plays a
critical role in muscle control.it is responsible for many function including
movement, memory. Pleasurable reward, behavior and cognition, attention, sleep,
mood and sexual dysfunction.
History(1,2,3,12,13)
Vedic
Period:-
Veda:
No reference has been mentioned in Vedic literature regarding the drug
Kapikacchu
Samhita
Period:
-
Charak
Samhita:AcaryaCharak included this drug in
different Balya and Vrsyayogas total 29 reference are treated in this Samhita regarding this drug.
Susruta
Samhita: Property of Kapikacchu bija was mentioned first time separately by AcaryaSusruta (Su.Su- 46/36), in total 9
reference are found in Samhita.
AstangaSangraha&AstangaHrdaya
: Both these Samhita
has included the drug under VidaryadiVarga
(AS.Su-16/2: AH.Su-15/9) They also used this drug in different Vrsyayogas.
Nighantu
Period: -
DhanvantriNighantu:This
Nighantu described the drug under AusadhiVarga with its synonyms and
Vrsyadi property along with other action.
KaiyadevNighantu:
This Nighantudescribed the drug under
AusadhiVarga with its synonyms and
Vrsyadi properties.
SodhalaNighantu:Sodhala
has mentioned Vrsya property of Kapikacchu.
BhavaprakasaNighantu:
This Nighantu included it under GuducyadiVarga, along with different
synonyms, Vrsyaproperty of Kapikacchu bija has been accepted by
this Nighantu.
Raj
Nighatnu: It also mention Vrsyaproperty of the drug.
SaligramaNighantu:Vrsyaproperty
with synonyms is mentioned in this Nighantu.
NighantuRatnakara:
In this synonyms and properties of Kapikacchu
are mentioned.
AdarsaNighantu:Vaidya Bapalaji
explained the drug with different synonyms and therapeutic action under PalasadiVarga.
CLASSIFICATION:-The
classification of the drug Kapikacchu
is tabulated below.
|
Texts
|
GANA/VARGA
|
REFERENCES
|
|
Charak
|
Balya
Madhura Skanda
PurisaViranjaniya
|
Ca.Su-4/7
Ca.Vi-8/139
Ca.Su-4/32
|
|
Susruta
|
Vidarigandhadi
Mudgadivarga
Kakolyadi
|
Su.Su- 38/4
Su.Su- 46/36
Su.Su- 37/26
|
|
AstangaSangraha
AstangaHrdaya
|
Vidaryadi
Vidaryadi
|
A.S. Su-16/2
A.H. Su-15/9
|
|
DhanwantriNighantu
|
Guducyadi
|
46/159
|
|
KaiyadevNighantu
|
Ausadhi
|
154/11
|
|
BhavaprakasaNighantu
|
Guducyadi
|
57/131
|
|
Raja Nighantu
|
Guducyadi
|
50/52
|
|
AdarsaNighantu
|
PalasadiDrayaguna
|
166/453
|
|
Viyganam (PVS)
|
Sukrajanaka
|
Page -569
|
RASA
PANCHAKA
To explain the rationality of the drug action its
Rasapancaka must be known the Rasapanchaka of Kapikacchu are mention in table.
Table:-Rasa Panchaka of Kapikacchu&References.
|
RASA
PANCAKA
|
D.N.
|
M.N.
|
K.N.
|
B.N
|
RN
|
S.N
|
|
RASA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Madhura
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
--
|
|
Tikta
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
GUNA
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Guru
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
+
|
--
|
+
|
|
Shigdha
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
+
|
--
|
+
|
|
VIRYA
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Sita
|
+
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
+
|
--
|
|
VIPAKA
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Madhura
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
+
|
|
DOSA
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Karma
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
Vatahara
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
+
|
--
|
--
|
|
Kaphara
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
Pittahara
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
Classical
Ayurvedic formulation containing Kapikacchu (Mucunapruriens).(1,2,3,12,13)
|
DRUG
AND REFERENCES
|
MODE
OF USE
|
INDICATIONS
|
|
MashatmguptadiKashay
Y. T. Chap. 9
|
Nasya
|
PakshaghatSakampanam
|
|
Mashashalvan Yoga Y. T. Chap. 6
|
Svedan
|
SvedanSrva- Anilartijit
|
|
Atmaguptadi Yoga R.T. Pg. 481
|
Oral
|
KampayaktPakshaVadham.
|
|
Mash Taila B.R. Chap 6
|
Abhyang
|
Bahu Kampavata
|
|
Maha Masha Taila B.S. Pg. 358
|
Abhyang
|
Hast-shir-aatrakampa.
|
|
Mash Taila B.S. Pg. 355.
|
Abhyang
|
Hast shirkampa
|
|
BrihatMashadiTaila B.S. Pg. 355
|
Basti Nasya,
|
Hast Shir Kampa
|
|
Mash Taila
|
Basti , Paan
|
Hast-shir Kampa
sabhujkampshirah
|
|
MashadiTaila S.Y. Pg. 281
|
Basti, Nasya,Paan,
|
Abhyang, Parkampam
|
|
MashadiTaila S.Y. Pg. 281
|
Basti, Nasya,Paan,Abhyang
|
Hast-Shir-Kampa
Panipadhirogreena
|
|
MashadiTaila S.Y. Pg. 281
|
Basti, Paan,Abhyang
|
Bhramanme
Mandchan-Krame
|
|
RasnaTailaBhelChi.Pg. 364
|
Basti, Nasya, Paan, Abhyang
|
Gatrakampe
|
|
MashadhyaTaila Y.R.Pg-445
|
Basti, Nsya,Parishek
|
Sabhujshirah -Parkampam
|
B.S.:- Bang Sen, R.T.:-
Rasa Tarangini, S.Y.
SahastraYog, B.R. Basavarajiyam, Y.R. : Yoga Ratnakar, Y.T.:
Yoga Tarangini.
Analysis of seed of Mucunapruriens gave following
value (Wealth of India)
Calcium - 0.16% ,Ether - 2.96% ,Fiber - 6.75%,Iron -
0.02%,Mineral Matter - 3.95%, Moisture
- 9.1%,Protein - 25.03%,Sulphar and magnesium - present.
While
the seed kernels yield 5.9% of deep brown viscous fatty oil with the following
characteristic.
Specific gravity - 0.907,N -1.472, Acid Value-
22.37, Sap Value-150.1, Iodine Value-95.4,
Acet.Value-110.0, R.M.Value- 0.60 ,Polenske Value- 0.4And unsapon matter- 10.5%
The
fatty acid composition of the oil is follows –
Saturated (stearic and palmitic) 22.4 unsaturated
(oleic and linoleic) 76.7% the unsaponifiable matter contain Bsitosterol
Defatted Kernels contain 10% lecithin. (Ref–Naiv and Pillai Bull. Res. Inst.
UnivTranscore 1954 3A (1)83 Pillai and Anataraman ibid 1955–4A (1)41).
CHEMICAL
CONSTITUENTS:(2,3,4,5,6,9,13)
From the seeds (Sd ) Leaf(Lf), Stem (St),
Fruit(fr),Shoot(Sh)
1 - Methyl - 3 - Carboxy -6, 7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3,
4-Tetrahydroisoquinoton, Sd., 5-
Hydroxytryptamine, Sd, podtrich, Fr, lt, St.,5- methoxy N-N-dimethyltryptamine
, lf 25, St.fr.5- Oxyindole-3- at Kylamine, Sd , 6- Methoxyharman , lf, DopaSd,
0.24 – 4.80%,Alanine, Sd 0.54 – 1.16%,Arachidic acid, Sd 65-1,385,Arginine, Sd
1.24-2.6%,Ash, Sd 3.0-4.4%,Aspartic acid, Sd 1.99 – 4.21%,Behenic acid, Sd
140-2,265,Beta carboline, Sd, Beta Sitosterol, SdBufotenine – lt,St,fr, Calcium,
Sd 1320-1600, Carbohydrate, Sd 52.9 – 66.7%Choline, lt, Sd, Sh, St, rt, Cis
–12, 13-epoxyoctade- trans- 9-cis-acid, Sd, Cis –12, 13-epoxyoctade- trans-
9-enoic-acid, Sd, Cis-12-1-octadec – trans- 9-enoic, Sd01.0%,Cysteine, Sd
1,400-2695 , Fat, Sd 0.7 –6.3%., Fat, Sd 0.7- 6.3%, Fiber, Sd 4.6-9.5%,Gallic
acid, Sd , Glutamicacid 1.91-4.04 ,Glutathione, Glycine, Sd 0.72-1.53% ,Histidine,
Sd 0.33 – 0.69%, Iron, Sd 200,Isoleucine, Sd 0.75 – 1.59% ,Kilocalories, Sd
0.34 –0.40%, Lecithin, Sd 10%,Leucine, Sd –1.18 – 2.52%, Linolieic acid, Sd
751-30680, Linolenic acid, Sd 265-5800,Lysine, Sd 0.97-2.10 , Mucunapruriens
alkaloid P Sd27,Macuna puriens alkaloid Q, Sd , Macuna prurient alkaloid R.Sd, Macunapruriens
alkaloid S , Methionine, Sd 1,875-3,975 ,Mucunadine, Sd , Mucunain,Sd, Mucunine,Sd,
Myristic Acid, Sd 15-125, N.N. Dimethyltryptamine, Sd. St, fr , N.N.
Dimethyltryptamine – N- Oxide, Niacin, Sd 17-34 ,Nicotine, Oleic acid ,Palmitic
acid Sd 0.14- 3.38% ,Palmitoleic acid, Sd, 0.75-1.59 ,Phenylalanine, Sd
0.75-1.59 ,Phosphorus Sd 0.32 – 0.47%,Proline, Sd 0.92 -1.96%,Protein, Sd 15.5-33.1%,Prurienidine,
Sd 10,Prurieninine,Sd-11, Riboflavin, Sd 1.1 –2.7, Saponins , Sd 2.1%, Serine,
Sd 0.77 – 1.62%,Stearic acid, Sd 390-12, Thiamin, Sd 1.4- 5.7,Threo -12-Octadec-
trans 9 enioc acid, Sdol ,Threonine, Sd 0.63 – 1.33%, Tryptamine, Sd.,Tyrosine,
Sd 0.798 -1.691%,Valine, Sd 0.86 -1.82%,Vernolic acid – Sd of 4.0%, Water, Sd
9.1 - 11.4%
TRADITION
MEDICINAL USES:-IN VARIOUS COUNTRY FOLLOWS-(2,3,4,5,6,9,13)
Brazil:-
Alcoholic extract of dried seed is taken orally as nerve tonic. Alcohol and
water extract are taken orally as aphrodisiac.
Guadeloupe:
-
Seed crushed and mixed with syrup is given orally to infants as a vermifluge
India:-1)
Hot water extract of dried fruit administered orally is children in Case of
stomach warms.
2)
Water extract of leaves is taken orally as nerve tonic, in dysentery. As an
Aphrodisiac and for scorpion stings.
3)
Powdered pod trichomes are taken orally as an antihelminitic. About four to
five hairs are taken along with milk or buttermilk hot water extract of root is
taken orally as emmenagogue.
4)
Hot water extract of dried root is taken orally for delirium in Ayurvedic and
Unani medicine
5)
Dried powdered root is taken orally with honey as a blood purifier, diuretic
and dissolve kidney stone.
6)
Seed are taken orally by male human adult to cure night dreams and impotency,
to promote fertility and aphrodisiac to increase fluid and mainly Vigor.
7)
Fresh root is taken orally to relieve dysmenorrhoea, paving the way for
effective conception in future menstrual cycle. Paste made from
Macunapruriens,Pygaeeopremanaherbacea, Tephrosiapurpurea,and Gardenia turgida
roots, plus a few cloves of Allium sativum is given. Twenty grams of the paste
is given on day three of menstruation
8)
Male human adults take hot water extract of boiled seed as an aphrodisiac.
9)
Hot water extract of seed is taken orally as Nervine.
10) Seed taken orally is used as aphrodisiac in
Ayurvedic and Unani medicine.
11)
Decoction of dried seed is taken orally for abortion, as an aphrodisiac and
sexual debility.
12) Dried root is used for rheumatism and gout
roots of Mucunapruriens and Hymendictyonexcelsum heated in mustard oil, which
is then rubbed on the affected area.
13)
Cold decoction with honey can be proved effective cholera.
14)
Doush of root decoction is used in vaginal disorders.
15) Early morning administration of seed powder
with honey and milk may be effective in bronchial asthma.
16)
For persistent coughs, seeds are placed overawed hot plate or burning charcoal
and the fumes inhaled through the mouth.
17)
Fresh seed cooked in goat’s milk are taken orally as an aphrodisiac and for
seminal weakness and impotence.
18)
Powdered seed, taken with milk (5 gm three time a day with sufficient quantity
of milk) is used for diarrhea.
19)
An aphrodisiac, two seeds are powdered and taken with cup of cow’s milk.
20)
Decoction of seed in taken orally for scorpion stings and snake bite.
21)
Decoction of derived seed together with Terminaliaarjuna and Sidaretusa is
taken orally for pulmonary tuberculosis.
In
Nepal, Pakistan Madagascar, Haiti country: - Using Decoction of dried fruit is
taken orally as an aphrodisiac.
Philippines:
-Fresh
stem sap is used to treat sore / wind burns. Afresh stem is cut off on both
ends, and the sap is blown from one end to the other over the mouth of the
child.
Thailand:
- Dried
leaves and stem are used for burns & cuts. Oroxylumindicum bark and Mucuna
prurience leaves are pounded, together and applied to burns and cuts.
Virgin
Islands:-Hot water extract of the entire plant is taken
orally for worms.
Trinidad:
-
Crushed seed are taken orally with molasses for intestinal worms
Guinea-
Bissau: - Plants juice is taken orally as an emmenagogue seed
is taken orally as an aphrodisiac.
Ivory
Coast:-Hot water extract of the entire plant is taken
orally as an emmenagogue.
Mozabique:
- Hot
water extract of seeds is taken orally as an aphrodisiac.
PHARMACOLOGICAL
ACTIVITIES AND CLINICAL TRIALS.(2,3,4,5,6,9,13)
Anabolic
activity:-Plant administered orally to castrated adult and
young male mice at dose of 7.70 mgl. Animal was active. Animal were pretreated
with testosterone over a period of four days. The plants was mixed with
Lactucascariola, Hygrophilaspinosa,parmelia and Leptadeniareticulata. When
administered to infant mice at a dose of 22.0 mg/animal, the mixture was
active. There was increased maltase activity of dorsoventral prostate and
increase in fructose content of seminal vesicles.
Analgesic
activity:-Ethanol (95%) extract of dried fruit trichomes
administered intragastrically to rats at a dose of 2.0 gm. / kg. Was active Vs
acetic acid- induced writhing 1.0 gm/kg was active Vs hot plate method. Ethanol
(95%) extract of dried leaves administered intra-gastrically to rats at a dose
of 1.0gm/kg was active Vs hot plate method and acetic acid induced writhing.
Anticoagulant
activity:-Water extract of dried leaves at a concentrations of
1.0 mg./ml. was active on a human whole blood.
Anti-galactagogue
effect: -Seed taken by human adult orally at a dose of 15.0
gm./animal was inactive. The subject had hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea.
Both subjects had history of secondary amenorrhea and primary sterility. Daily
dosing (divided doses) for 24 weeks in one subject and 10 weeks in a second
subject.
Antihypercholesterolemic
activity:-Decoction of dried leaves administered
intragastrically to rats at a dose of 5gm./Kg was active Vs diet and
triton-induced hypercholesterolemia.
Antihyperlipidaemic
activity: -Decoction of dried leaves administered
intragastrically to rats at a dose of 5.0gm/kg was active Vs diet and Triton
induced hypercholesterolemia.
Anti-inflammatory
activity:-Ethanol(95%) extract of dried fruit trichomes
administered intragastrically to rats at a dose of 3.0 gm/kg was active Vs
carrageen induced pedal edema Ethanol(95%) extract of dried leaves administered
intragastrically to rats at a dose of 1.0 gm/kg was active Vs carrageenin
induced pedal edema.
Anitiparkinson
activity:-Methanol extract of dried seed administered
intraperitoneally to rats at a dose of 200.0 mg/kg was active.An alcohol
insoluble methanol extract. Free from L-Dopa was tested seed administered by
gastric incubation to rats at a dose of 400.0 mg/kg was active. Seed taken
orally by human adult at dose of 15-40 gm./person was active.(7,8)
Antipyretic
activity:-Ethanol (95%) extract of dried fruit trichomes
administered intragastrically to rats at a dose of 1.0 gm/kg was active Vs
yeast – induced pyrexia. Ethanol (95%) extract of dried leaves administered
intragastrically to rats at a dose of 1.0 gm/kg was active Vs yeast-induced
pyrexia.
Anti-radiation
activity:-Methanol extract of dried prothallus administered
intraperitoneal to mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg was inactive Vs soft x-ray
irradiation at lethal dose.
Antispasmodic
activity:-Ethanol/ water (1:1) extract of fruit was active on
guines pig ileum Vs Ach and histamine induced spasm.Ethanaol/water (1:1)
extract of root was active on guinea pig ileum Vs Ach and histamine induced
spasms.
Aphrodisiac
activity:-Plant administered orally to male human adult was active.A
clinical trial involving 133 subjects ranging in age from 18-46 years presented
case of improper erection, night emission, premature ejaculation,
spermatorrhoea, functional impotence and or oligospermia. Of all patients 71.4%
claimed to be aided by the drug with no side effect. Seed taken by male human
adults at variable dosage levels was active product contained a mixture of
bismascula, Hygrophilaspinosa, Lactucacariola,mucunapruriens, Parmeliaparlata,
Argyreia –speciosa, Tribulusterrestris and leptadeniareticulata (Known as
speman). Their study involving 21 infertile oligospermic Patients in the age
group of 25-35 years. Dosing with speman was two tablets three times daily for
four weeks. Semen and blood samples were collected for analysis. Fifty percentage
of the subjects showed improvement of prostatic function as assessed by the
activity of maltase and the by the citric acid content, with increase in the
activity of amylase and maltase and a decrease in post-treatment level of
glycogen in seminal fluid No marked change in seminal vesicular function was
noted. Ether and Enthanol (95%) extract of seeds administered intraperitoneally
to rats were inactive. No effect on social behavior, including homosexual
mounting. Shiffing lying over one another and so forth was observed.
Bronchodilator
activity: -Hot water extract of dried seed
administered intravenously to guinea pig at dose of 1.5 ml/ animal was
inactive.
Cholinesterase
inhibition:-Methanol extracted of seed administered
intraperitoneally to rats a dose of 200.00 mg/kg was inactive. An alcohol –
insoluble methanol extract, free from L-dopa was tested.
Cytotoxic
activity: -Ethanol / Water (1:1) extract of fruit
in cell culture was inactive on Ca- 9kg Ed 50>20.0 mg//ml Ethanol / water
(1:1) extract of root in cell culture was inactive on CA- 9KB ED>20.0
mcg/ml.
Embryo
toxic effect: -Water extract of seeds administered
intra-gastrically to pregnant rats at a dose of 175.0 mg/kg was inactive.
Fertility
promotion effect:-Dried entire plant extract taken orally
by male human adult at dose of 96.0 mg/day. Total sperm count and sperm
motility improved. The product contained mixture orchismascula,
Hygrophilaspinosa, Lactucascariola, Mucunaprurions, Prrmeliaparlata,
Argyreiaspeciosa, tribulusterrestis and leptadeniareticulata (Known as speman)
Dosing was two tables three times daily for four days.
FSH
release inhibition:-Seed lake orally male human adults at
variable doses level was equivocal
FSH
Synthesis stimulation:-Seed taken by male human adult
orally at variable dosage level was equivocal
Genito
urinary effect: -Water extract of entire plant
administered orally to mice at a dose of 5.0 mgl day was active.
Hypocholesterolemic
activity: -Seed in the ration of rats was active.
Hypoglycemic
activity:-Ethanol / Water 1:1 extract of fruit administered
orally to rats at a dose of 250.00 mg/kg was active more than 30% drop in blood
sugar level was observed.
Ethanol / Water 1:1 extract of seed administered
orally to rats at a dose of 250.00 mg/kg was inactive. Less than 30% drop in
blood sugar level was observed seed in the reaction of rats was active.
Gondotropin
release stimulation &Gondotropin synthesis stimulation:-Seed
taken by male adult orally at variable dosage level was equivocal. The product
contain mixture of orchismascula,Hygrophilaspinosa, Lactucascariola.
UcunapruriensparmeliaparlataArgyreiaspeciosa, Tribulusterrestis, and
leptadeniarettculata (Known as speman) Dosing was two tablets three times daily
for four week.
Penis
erectile stimulant: -Extract of dried seed taken orally by
human adult was active. Improvement in erection. Duration of coitus and
posterior satisfaction has been observed in 56 cases treated for four weeks.
Prostate
treatment: -Hot water extract of the entire plant
administered orally to human adult was active. Forty-five patients with
prostates were given the test preparation and 10 more served as untreated
control of 38 patients with benign hypertrophy in the test group. 28 improved
and did not need surgery.
Spermatogenic
effect: -Seed taken orally by human adults at variable dosage
level was equivocal. A group of 30 oligospermic infertilities in the age group
of 30 oligospermic infertilities in the age group of 24-46 year were studied
over four month dosing was three times daily. Increases in magnesium content
and in sperm count were reported.
Teratogenic
activity: -Water extract of seed administered
intragastrically to pregnant rat at a dose of 175.0 mg/kg was active.
Toxic
effect: -Water extract of seed in the ration of rat at variable
weight loss active. Feeding caused weight loss unless supplemented.With
L-methionine and L-tryptophen. The protein fraction of the seed was
incorporated into the experimental ration.
Effect
of smooth and skeleton Muscle: -The aqueous extract of
seed of mucunapruriens were investigated against the skeletal muscle and
against smooth muscles of the gastro–intestinal tract the extract (3*24-6-3 X
10-3 g/ml) increased the twitch response of the rat diaphragm to direct and
indirect stimulation The blocking effects of King cobra (Ophiophagus Hannah)
venom and d-tubocurarine at the neuromuscular junction were reversed. In the
rabbit jejunum and the guinea pig ileum, the extract produced dose dependent
contractions, which were antagonized by atropine. The involvements of
muscarinic receptors were suggested.
Nematocidal
activity: -Decoction of commercial sample of seeds
at a concentrations of 10.0 mg/ml was inactive on Toxacaracanis. Water extract
of dried seed at concentration of 10.0mg/ml was inactive on Toxacaracanis. The
methanol extract at concentrations of 1.0 mg/ml showed weak activity.
Prolactin
inhibition: -Seeds taken orally by female human adult
at a dose of 15 gm/person was inactive. Subjects had hyperprolactinemia and
galactorrhoea. Both subject had a history of secondary amenorrhea and primary
sterility. Daily dosing (divided doses) for 24 weeks in one subject and 10 week
in a second subject.Inhibition of prolactin response to chiorpromazine
injection in five subject was positive.
Taenicide
activity:-Ethanol (95%) and water extracts were active on
Taeniasolium.
Toxicity
assessment:-Ethanol / water (1:1) extract of fruit
administered intrapertoneally to mice tolerated a maximum dose of 1.0 gm/kg
(Indian J. ExpBiol 1968 6:232-247) and Ethanol and water (1:1) extract of root
when administered intraperitoneally to mice the maximum tolerated dose was
250.00 mg/kg (Indian.J. Exp. Biol –1968:6:232-247).
Mucunapruriens
is an ingredient of several commercial preparation claimed to have beneficial
effects in the management of various sexual disorders. One such preparation is
Tenex forte, which has other constituents like musk, saffron, yohimbine
hydrochloride, nuxvomica, pulvis,makardhwaj, shilajeet, orchismascula, withaninsominfera,
sidacordifolia, Bomaxmalabaricum, Argyreia, speciaosa and swarhamakshikbhasma.
As well as mustong, which contains somnifera, tribulusterrestris,
myristicafragransandTinospora.
Cardiovascular
effect: -When tests on frog pruriesinine slow down the
heart,dilates the blood vessels depress the B.P. & increase the peristaltic
action of the intestine. Prurindine has also similar effect on blood vessels
but there is no action heart (Sarker Ann. Biochem 1945; Damodaran and
RamaswarmyBiochem J-1937, 31:214g, Pilli Resp. Dep Res university travancere
1939-46).
An
infusion of hair is used in disease of the liver and gall bladder and applied
externally as a local stimulant & mild vesican (Ref-santapauReebotSurv
India-1953, Chopra–1958, Quisumbing–416).
Antakar
1967, Prof manyam, Springfield Illinosis, 1989, Katrak studied mucunapruriens
in Parkinson’s disease with significant relief in all patient.
Tripathy
and Singh 1982 studied that Kapikacchu (MP) remove depression due to mood
stabilizing effect.
While
Ramu et al , studied Kapikacchu role in neuronal degeneration with significant
improvement in basic parameter MP seed enhanced serum 1gm. Value significantly
(Hejmadi and Singh 1989).
DISCUSSION:
-Kapikacchu is
having Dhatuvriddhikara a Vatashamakaand Sukraviddhikara properties. So it also acts against the process of
degeneration & may be beneficial in the condition of Dhatukshaya it also corrects the function of Indriyas, which are
found impaired in Kampavata addition Kapikacchu (Mucunapruriens) having L-dopa
which is having antiparkinsonianactivity.(7,8)
Basically Kampavata (Parkinson’s disease) needs the rejuvenation in therapy.
Regeneration is the function of SukraDhatu,
which found deranged in Kampavata (Parkinson’s disease) too which can be
promoted by Vrasya, Balaya and Brmahanadrugs. Because Balyaand Vrsya drugs restore the body elements and promote the longevity.
CONCLUSION:-
This articles gives knowledge of the Kapikacchu
from ancient times to modern era. Kapikacchu
is useful in Kampavata (Parkinson’s disease) and various diseases due to
its Vatashamaka, Barya, Brimhana,
dopaminergic properties.(10 ) Various kalpa of Kapikacchu being used to cured the disease in all over the
world. Whole plants having potential medicinal properties. It is necessary to
conduct clinical trial in by using various preparations of whole plants.
REFERENCES:-
1.Bhavamisra :-Bhavaprakasa with Vidyotini,
HindiCommentary by BrahmasankarShastriChaukhambha SanskritSeries, Banaras
(1956),
2.Chopra R. N. (1965) - Glossary of Indian medicinal
plants, CSIR, New Delhi.
3.Khory R.N &Katraka M.N. (1984):- MateriaMedica
of India and their therapeutics.
4.Kritikar K.R. &Basu B.D.:- Indian Meidicinal
plants – 1981.
5. Medicinal plants of India: - Published by Indian
council of Medical Research, New Delhi. 1987.
6.Nadkarni K.M. (1982):- Indian Material Medica, 3rd
edition, popular Parkanshana.
7.Nebuoyanagiswa, RyokichiShindoTateoWarabi (Japan)
:- change in strategy of Aiming tasks in Parkinson’s disease- Annual of
Neurology.
8. Rosabel Young: - Update on Parkinson’s disease,
King – Drew medical center, LOS Angeles, California, USA.
9. R. S. Satoskar, S. D. Bhandarkar: - Pharmacology
and pharmacotherapeutics, Thirteenth Edition, (1993), published by popular
prakashanpvt. Ltd, 35-c Panditmadanmohanmalving a marg, Tardeo Bombay 400034.
10. Sanjay A. Dhurve& Singh G. - A Clinical
Study on Kampavata (Parkinson’s disease) and its management with Kapikacchu. P.
G. thesis, 2001, I.P.G.T. & R. A. Jamnagar.
11.Sharma P. V. (1988):- DravyagunaVigyana,
ChaukhambhaSurbharti Academy, Varanasi.
12. Yoga Ratnakara :- with Vidyotini Hind ;
commentary, Chaukhambha Sanskrit series Varanasi (1955).
13. Wealth of India: - published by C.S.I.R., India.
Correspondence
Address:-
Dr. Sanjay A. Dhurve, M.D. Ph.D, Assistant Professor,
Department of Kayachikitsa,
BharatiVidyapeeth Deemed University College of Ayurved,
Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Email-dr.sanjaydhurve@gmail.com, M-09850044207
